高级经济师英语翻译考试真题

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例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job. (他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩)中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词(stated)、动词派生名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和介词(for)等。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类(尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。

(一)名词转译成动词

1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。如：

1) The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. (1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。)

2) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. (火箭已经用来探索宇宙。)

2.含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。如：

1) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. (看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的.机声，令我特别神往。)

2) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. (从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。)

3. 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。如：

1) I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. (我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。)

2) Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. (在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。)

4. 作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词，如：

1) They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.

他们最后看了铁麦克一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。

2) The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.

下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。

(二)介词转译成动词

1) "Coming!“Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

"来啦!"她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

2) I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor and out over the sea.

我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。

(三)形容词转译成动词

英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。

1) Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

2) The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.

她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。

(四)副词转译成动词

1) That day he was up before sunrise.

那天他在日出以前就起来了。

2) She opened the window to let fresh air in.

她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。

2021年考研英语一翻译真题解析：

Part C: Read the following text are fully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)

46. Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.

【解析】1.这句话主干为Those societies came out of the war.

2. with levels of enrollment是介宾短语作状语;

3. that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups是定语从句修饰前面levels of enrollment.

【参考译文】战争结束后，这些社会的入学率仍旧保持在战前几十年里相关年龄段的3%-5%。

47. And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.

【解析】1. 这句话主干为the demand extended to groups and social classes，其中extended为谓语动词;

2. that rose in those societies of entry to higher education定语从句修饰demand;

3. that had not thought of attending a university before the war定语从句修饰前面groups and social classes.

【参考译文】那些社会中对获得高等教育的需求不断上升，战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层也逐步有了这样的需求。

48. In many countries of western Europe, the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970 s.

【解析】这句话主干为the numbers of student in higher education doubled and double again，In many countries of western Europe为地点状语，其他部分为时间状语从句。

【参考译文】20世纪60年代，许多西欧国家接受高等教育的学生人数在5年内翻了一番，到70年代中期，在7年、8年或10年里又翻了一番。

49. and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from past graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.

【解析】这句话主干为they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty，when引导的是时间状语从句;其中fresh from past graduate study是形容词短语修饰men and women。

【参考译文】新员工当中大部分是刚毕业的年轻男女时，他们在很大程度上定义了该院的学术生活规范。

50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.

【解析】1.这句话主干是一个并列句为High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process;

2. by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth定语从句修饰forms and process.

【参考译文】高增长率增加了学术创新的机会，同时也削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢增长时期加入学者群体的形式和过程。

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